企業(yè)文化的概念,如何理解企業(yè)文化的概念

  • 發(fā)布時(shí)間:2024-09-15 16:21:23
  • 來(lái)源:
  • 閱讀:
導(dǎo)讀:
浼佷笟鏂囧寲鐨勫畾涔夋槸浠€涔?/h3>鏈€鏃╂彁鍑轟紒涓氭枃鍖栨蹇電殑鏄編鍥界殑綆$悊瀛﹀濞佸粔路澶у唴銆備粬浜?981騫村嚭鐗堜簡(jiǎn)鑷繁瀵規(guī)棩鏈紒涓氱殑鐮旂┒鎴

浼佷笟鏂囧寲鐨勫畾涔夋槸浠€涔?/h3>

鏈€鏃╂彁鍑轟紒涓氭枃鍖栨蹇電殑鏄編鍥界殑綆$悊瀛﹀濞佸粔路澶у唴銆備粬浜?981騫村嚭鐗堜簡(jiǎn)鑷繁瀵規(guī)棩鏈紒涓氱殑鐮旂┒鎴愭灉鐨勮憲浣溿€奪鐞嗚鈥斺€旂編鍥戒紒涓氬浣曡繋鎺ユ棩鏈殑鎸戞垬銆嬨€傚湪榪欐湰涔﹂噷錛屼粬鎻愬嚭錛?/p>

鏃ユ湰浼佷笟鎴愬姛鐨勫叧閿洜绱犳槸瀹冧滑鐙壒鐨勪紒涓氭枃鍖栥€傝繖涓€瑙傜偣寮曡搗浜?jiǎn)绠$悊瀛︾晫鐨勻q挎硾閲嶈錛屽惛寮曚簡(jiǎn)鏇村鐨勪漢浠庝簨浼佷笟鏂囧寲鐨勭爺絀躲€?/p>

緹庡浗瀛﹁€呯害緲奧風(fēng)鐗硅涓猴細(xì)鈥滀紒涓氭枃鍖栨槸鎸囦竴涓紒涓氫腑鍚勪釜閮ㄩ棬錛岃嚦灝戜紒涓氶珮灞傜鐞嗚€呬滑鍏卞悓鎷ユ湁鐨勯偅浜涗紒涓氫環(huán)鍊艱蹇靛拰緇忚惀瀹炶返銆傗€?/p>

浠庣鐞嗗鍘熺悊鐨勮搴︿笂璇達(dá)紝浼佷笟鏂囧寲鏄寚緇勭粐鍦ㄩ暱鏈熺殑瀹炶返媧誨姩涓墍褰㈡垚鐨勫茍涓斾負(fù)緇勭粐鎴愬憳鏅亶璁ゅ彲鍜岄伒寰殑鍏鋒湁鏈粍緇囩壒鑹茬殑浠峰€艱蹇點(diǎn)€佸洟浣撴剰璇嗐€佽涓鴻鑼冨拰鎬濈淮妯″紡鐨勬€誨拰銆?/p>

浠庣鐞嗗績(jī)鐞嗕笌琛屼負(fù)鐨勮搴︿笂璇達(dá)紝浼佷笟鏂囧寲鏄粍緇囦腑鍐沖畾涓綋鍜岀兢浣撹涓虹殑閲嶈褰卞搷鍥犵礌錛屾槸緇勭粐鎴愬憳鍏辨湁鐨勪竴鏁村鍋囧畾銆佷俊浠般€佷環(huán)鍊艱鍜岃涓哄噯鍒欍€?/p>

鍥犳錛屼紒涓氭枃鍖栨槸浼佷笟涔?fàn)鎯Q屾槸浼佷笟鍦ㄩ暱鏈熺殑緇忚惀綆$悊瀹炶返涓艦鎴愮殑鐙壒鐨勮涓烘ā寮忥紝浠ュ強(qiáng)浼佷笟緇忚惀綆$悊鎵€鍒涢€犵殑鐗╄川璐㈠瘜鍜岀簿紲炶儲(chǔ)瀵岋紝鍏舵牳蹇?jī)鏄紒涓氫环鍊艱錛岀壒鍒槸浣滀負(fù)浼佷笟蹇?jī)鐞嗕範(fàn)鎯殑浼佷笟洵h(huán)鍊箋€?/p>

浼佷笟鏂囧寲鏄粈涔?/h3>

浼佷笟鏂囧寲鏄寚浼佷笟鍦ㄩ暱鏈熺殑緇忚惀榪囩▼涓€愭笎褰㈡垚鐨勪竴縐嶅唴鍦ㄧ殑浠峰€艱銆佽涓鴻鑼冦€佸伐浣滄柟寮忋€佺鐞嗛鏍箋€佸搧鐗屽艦璞$瓑澶氭柟闈㈢殑鐗瑰緛錛屾槸浼佷笟鐨勬牳蹇?jī)洵h(huán)鍊艱鍜岀粡钀ョ悊蹇電殑浣撶幇銆備紒涓氭枃鍖栫殑寤鴻鍙互鎻愰珮?shù)紒涓氬嚌鑱氬姏鍜岀珵浜夊姏锛屼篃鏄紒涓氬彂灞曠殑閲嶈淇濋殰銆?/p>

浠ヤ笅鏄嚑涓ぇ鍏徃鐨勪紒涓氭枃鍖栦婦渚嬶細(xì)

1.璋鋒瓕錛氳胺姝岀殑浼佷笟鏂囧寲寮鴻皟鍛樺伐鐨勮嚜鐢卞拰鍒涢€犲姏錛岄紦鍔卞憳宸ュ皾璇曟柊鐨勬兂娉曞拰鍒涙柊錛屾彁鍊″鉤絳夈€佸崗浣滃拰寮€鏀劇殑宸ヤ綔鐜銆?/p>

2.鑻規(guī)灉錛氳嫻鏋滅殑浼佷笟鏂囧寲娉ㄩ噸浜у搧璁捐鍜屽搧璐紝縐夋壙鈥滆璁¤嚦涓娾€濈殑鐞嗗康錛屽己璋冨垱鏂般€佺畝媧佸拰緹庡鐨勫師鍒欙紝鏋勫緩浜?jiǎn)鐙咃L(fēng)壒鑹茬殑鍝佺墝褰㈣薄鍜屽晢涓氭枃鍖栥€?/p>

3.浜氶┈閫婏細(xì)浜氶┈閫婄殑浼佷笟鏂囧寲寮鴻皟瀹㈡埛鑷充笂錛屾敞閲嶅垱鏂板拰鏁堢巼錛屾彁鍊″紑鏀俱€佺伒媧誨拰鍕囦簬灝濊瘯鐨勫伐浣滄柟寮忥紝榧撳姳鍛樺伐涓嶆柇瀛︿範(fàn)鍜岃繘姝ャ€?/p>

4.鑵捐錛氳吘璁殑浼佷笟鏂囧寲寮鴻皟鍥㈤槦鍚堜綔鍜屽垱鏂幫紝娉ㄩ噸紺句細(xì)璐d換鍜屽叕鐩婁簨涓氾紝鎻愬€″紑鏀俱€佸垎浜拰浜掕仈緗戠簿紲烇紝鏋勫緩浜?jiǎn)鐙咃L(fēng)壒鑹茬殑浼佷笟鏂囧寲鍜屽搧鐗屽艦璞°€?/p>

榪欎簺澶у叕鍙哥殑浼佷笟鏂囧寲閮芥湁鑷繁鐙壒鐨勭壒鐐癸紝浣嗛兘寮鴻皟鍒涙柊銆佹晥鐜囥€佸搧璐ㄥ拰瀹㈡埛鑷充笂鐨勪環(huán)鍊艱錛岃繖浜涗環(huán)鍊艱涔熸槸榪欎簺鍏徃鎴愬姛鐨勫叧閿墍鍦ㄣ€?/p>

浠€涔堟槸浼佷笟鏂囧寲

浼佷笟鏂囧寲鏄紒涓氬湪闀挎湡緇忚惀鍙戝睍榪囩▼涓€愭褰㈡垚鐨勩€佸叿鏈夋湰浼佷笟鐗硅壊銆佽兘澶熼暱鏈熸帹鍔ㄤ紒涓氬彂灞曞.澶х殑緹や綋鎰忚瘑鍜岃涓鴻鑼冿紝浠ュ強(qiáng)涓庝箣鐩擱€傚簲鐨勮绔犲埗搴﹀拰緇勭粐鏈烘瀯鐨勬€誨拰銆?/p>

瀹冨寘鎷枃鍖栬蹇點(diǎn)€佷環(huán)鍊艱蹇點(diǎn)€佷紒涓氱簿紲炪€侀亾寰瘋鑼冦€佽涓哄噯鍒欍€佸巻鍙蹭紶緇熴€佷紒涓氬埗搴︺€佷紒涓氬唴澶栭儴鐜銆佷紒涓氱粡钀ヨ涓恒€佷紒涓氱ぞ浼?xì)璐d粎R€佷紒涓氱殑浜у搧鍜屽艦璞$瓑錛屽叾涓綋鐜頒紒涓氫環(huán)鍊艱鐨勪紒涓氱簿紲炲拰緇忚惀鐞嗗康鏄紒涓氭枃鍖栫殑鏍稿績(jī)鍐呭銆備紒涓氭枃鍖栵紝浣滀負(fù)涓€縐嶆枃鍖栵紝涓嶄粎鏄蹇靛艦鎬佺殑涓滆タ錛岃€屼笖鏄墿璐ㄥ艦鎬佺殑錛屾槸綺劇鍜岀墿璐ㄧ殑緇撳悎銆?/p>

錛堜竴錛変紒涓氭枃鍖栫殑鐢辨潵

20涓栫邯70騫翠唬涓悗鏈燂紝涓栫晫緇忔祹鍙蹭笂鏈€涓洪渿鎾間漢蹇?jī)鐨勪簨錃g鑾繃浜庢棩鏈粡嫻庣殑榪呴€熷礇璧楓€備竴涓祫婧愬尞涔忋€佺枂鍩熺嫮紿勭殑涓滄柟宀涘浗錛屽湪鐭煭浜屼笁鍗佸勾鍐咃紝浠ラ毦浠ョ疆淇$殑閫熷害榪呯寷鍙戝睍錛屼竴璺冩挙濂沖伐濮斾笘鐣岀涓夊ぇ宸ヤ笟鍥斤紙鍚庢潵鎴愪負(fù)絎簩澶у伐涓氬浗錛夛紝榪欎竴浜嬪疄浣挎暣涓笘鐣屽ぇ涓洪渿鎯娿€備簬鏄湪涓婁笘綰?0騫翠唬鏈€?0騫翠唬鍒濓紝鍦ㄧ鐞嗗鐣屾巰璧蜂簡(jiǎn)涓€鍦烘棩緹庣鐞嗘瘮杈冪殑鐮旂┒鐑疆銆傚鑰呰涓猴紝緹庡浗鐨勭鐞嗘敞閲嶁€滅‖鈥濈殑鏂歸潰錛屽己璋冪悊鎬х鐞嗭紱鑰屾棩鏈鐞嗕笉浣嗛噸瑙嗏€滅‖鈥濈殑鏂歸潰錛屾洿娉ㄩ噸鈥滆蔣鈥濈殑鏂歸潰錛氭敞閲嶄紒涓氫腑鐨勬枃鍖栧洜绱犮€傛敞閲嶄紒涓氬叏浣撹亴宸ユ墍鍏卞悓鍏鋒湁鐨勪環(huán)鍊艱蹇碉紱娉ㄩ噸寮哄寲鑱屽伐瀵規(guī)湰浼佷笟鐨勫悜蹇?jī)鍔涘拰蹇犺瘹搴﹀Q涙敞閲嶄紒涓氫腑鐨勪漢闄呭叧緋匯€傚鑰呬滑灝嗚繖浜涒€滆蔣鈥濈殑鐗圭偣璁や負(fù)鏄竴縐嶄紒涓氱殑鏂囧寲銆?982騫達(dá)紝浠ユ嘲浼︽柉.鐙勫皵鍜岀埍浼?鑲凹榪挵鍐欑殑銆婁紒涓氭枃鍖栥€嬩竴涔︿負(fù)浠h〃鐨勪竴緋誨垪钁椾綔闈笘錛屾爣蹇楃潃浼佷笟鏂囧寲鐮旂┒鐨勫叴璧楓€?/p>

涓婁釜涓栫邯80騫翠唬錛屾敼闈╁紑鍙戞墦鐮翠簡(jiǎn)澶ч攨楗殑浼佷笟鍒跺害錛屾垜鍥戒紒涓氭墠鐪熸寮€浜?jiǎn)浠庡瀯鏂蛋鍚戠珵浜夌殑杩浗E嬶紝鈥滀紒涓氭枃鍖栤€濇墠寮€濮嬭鎴戝浗鐨勭悊璁虹晫涓庝紒涓氱晫鎵€鍏蟲敞銆?984騫存搗灝?dāng)鍏徃鐨勫紶鐟炴晱鍦ㄤ紒涓氫簭鎹?47涓囧厓鐨勬儏鍐典笅錛岄鍏堟彁鍑烘枃鍖栧厛琛屻€佷紒涓氱悊蹇靛厛琛岋紝涓轟腑鍥戒紒涓氱晫榪涜浼佷笟鏂囧寲寤鴻娉ㄥ叆浜?jiǎn)寮哄績(jī)閽堛€?/p>

錛堜簩錛変紒涓氭枃鍖栫殑鍐呮兜

涓嬮潰浠庝互涓嬪嚑涓搴﹂槓閲婁紒涓氭枃鍖栫殑鍐呮兜錛?/p>

1銆佷紒涓氭枃鍖栦粠褰㈠紡涓婄湅鏄睘浜庢€濇兂鑼冪暣鐨勬蹇點(diǎn)€?/p>

浼佷笟鏂囧寲灞炰簬浜虹殑鎬濇兂鑼冪暣錛屾槸浜虹殑浠峰€肩悊蹇點(diǎn)€傝繖縐嶄環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇靛拰紺句細(xì)閬撳痙灞炰簬鍚屼竴縐嶈寖鐣寸殑銆傛垜浠彁鍑烘不鐞嗙ぞ浼?xì)锛岄鍏堟彁鍑鸿渚濇硶娌诲浗锛屼恨Z滑瑕侀伒瀹堟硶寰嬶紝浣嗘槸瀹屽杽鐨勬硶寰嬩篃鏄湁澶辨晥鐨勬椂鍊欍€傛硶寰嬪け鏁堜簡(jiǎn)闈犱粈涔堢害鏉?闈犵ぞ浼?xì)閬撳绝P紝鎵€浠ユ棦瑕佷緷娉曟不鍥斤紝鍚屾椂涔熻浠ュ痙娌誨浗銆傜鐞嗕紒涓氫篃鏄竴鏍鳳紝棣栧厛渚濋潬浼佷笟鍒跺害錛屼絾鍒跺害鍐嶅畬鍠勪篃浼?xì)鏈夊け鏁堢殑鏃跺€欙紝浼佷笟鍒跺害澶辨晥浜?jiǎn)闈犱粈涔堢害鏉?闈犳枃鍖栫害鏉熴€傜敱姝ゅ彲瑙侊紝浼佷笟鏂囧寲鏄拰紺句細(xì)閬撳痙涓€鏍鳳紝閮芥槸涓€縐嶅唴鍦ㄤ環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇點(diǎn)€傞兘鏄竴縐嶅唴鍦ㄧ害鏉熴€傚嵆浜轟滑鍦ㄦ€濇兂鐞嗗康涓婄殑鑷垜綰︽潫錛屽洜鑰岄兘鏄澶栧湪綰︽潫鐨勪竴縐嶈ˉ鍏咃紝鍙笉榪囩ぞ浼?xì)閬撳句h槸瀵圭ぞ浼?xì)鏈変綔鐢ㄥQ岃€屼紒涓氭枃鍖栨槸瀵逛紒涓氭湁浣滅敤錛屽畠浠彂鐢熶綔鐢ㄧ殑棰嗗煙涓嶅悓鑰屽凡銆傛墍浠ヤ粠褰㈠紡涓婄湅錛屼紒涓氭枃鍖栨槸灞炰簬鎬濇兂鑼冪暣鐨勬蹇點(diǎn)€?/p>

姝e洜涓哄姝わ紝鎵€浠ヤ紒涓氭枃鍖栨槸鏋佷負(fù)閲嶈鐨勩€備緥濡傦細(xì)璐㈠姟鍒跺害澶辨晥浜?jiǎn)锛屼絾鏄竴涓漢濡傛灉鏈変笉鏄垜鐨勯挶灝變笉鎷跨殑浠峰€肩悊蹇碉紝閭d箞鍗充嬌浼佷笟鍒跺害瀵逛粬娌℃湁浜?jiǎn)绾︽潫锛屼粬涔熶笉浼?xì)鎷夸笉鏄粬鑷繁鐨勯挶銆傜浉鍙嶏紝濡傛灉涓€涓漢鏈夌潃涓嶆嬁鐧戒笉鎷跨殑浠峰€肩悊蹇碉紝閭d箞璐㈠姟鍒跺害涓€鏃﹀け鏁堬紝浠栧氨浼?xì)鍘荤姱閿欒銆?/p>

2銆佷紒涓氭枃鍖栦粠鍐呭涓婄湅鏄弽鏄犱紒涓氳涓虹殑浠峰€肩悊蹇點(diǎn)€?/p>

浼佷笟鏂囧寲鍦ㄥ唴瀹逛笂錛氭槸瀵逛紒涓氱殑鐜板疄榪愯榪囩▼鐨勫弽鏄犮€傚叿浣撹錛屽氨鏄紒涓氱殑鍒跺害瀹夋帓錛屼互鍙?qiáng)浼佷笟鐨勬垬鐣ラ€夋嫨鍦ㄤ漢鐨勪環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇典笂鐨勫弽鏄犮€傛垨鑰呰錛屼紒涓氱殑鎵€鏈夌殑鐩稿叧媧誨姩錛岄兘浼?xì)鍙嶆槧鍒颁汉鐨勪环鍊肩悊蹇典笂錛屼粠鑰屽艦鎴愪簡(jiǎn)浼佷笟鏂囧寲銆?/p>

鐢辨鍙錛屼粠鍐呭涓婅錛屼紒涓氭枃鍖栨槸涓庝紒涓氱殑媧誨姩鏈夊叧鐨勪環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇碉紝鑰屼笉鏄埆鐨勬柟闈㈢殑浠峰€肩悊蹇碉紝瀹冩槸鍙嶆槧浜?jiǎn)浼佷笟鐜板疄杩愯杩嚱E嬬殑鍏ㄩ儴媧誨姩鐨勪環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇碉紝鏄紒涓氬埗搴﹀畨鎺掑拰鎴樼暐閫夋嫨鍦ㄤ漢鐨勪環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇典笂鐨勫弽鏄犮€備緥濡傦細(xì)涓€涓紒涓氬鏋滃湪鍒跺害瀹夋帓涓婅鎷夊紑浜虹殑鏀跺叆宸窛錛岄偅涔堣繖涓紒涓氬湪浼佷笟鏂囧寲涓婂氨搴旇鏈夌瓑綰у樊鍒殑鐞嗗康錛涘張渚嬪錛屼竴涓紒涓氳鍦ㄧ粡钀ユ垬鐣ヤ笂鎵╁ぇ鑷繁鐨勭粡钀ワ紝閭d箞榪欎釜浼佷笟灝辮鍦ㄤ紒涓氭枃鍖栦笂鏈夎瘹淇$殑鐞嗗康錛岀瓑絳夈€?/p>

鎬諱箣錛屼紒涓氭枃鍖栧湪鍐呭涓婄湅鏄弽鏄犱紒涓氳涓虹殑浠峰€肩悊蹇點(diǎn)€?/p>

3銆佷紒涓氭枃鍖栦粠鎬ц川涓婄湅鏄睘浜庨檮璇鎬簬瀹炶返鐨勪環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇點(diǎn)€?/p>

浠峰€肩悊蹇靛疄闄呬笂鍙互鍒嗕負(fù)涓ゅぇ綾伙紝涓€綾誨氨鏄俊濂夊拰鍊″鐨勪環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇碉紝涓€綾誨氨鏄繀欏諱粯璇稿疄璺電殑浠峰€肩悊蹇碉紝浼佷笟鏂囧寲鏃㈠睘浜庝紒涓氫俊濂夊拰鍊″鐨勪環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇碉紝鍙堝睘浜庡繀欏諱粯璇稿疄璺電殑浠峰€肩悊蹇點(diǎn)€備紒涓氭枃鍖栫湡姝g殑綰︽潫鍛樺伐鐨勮涓猴紝鏄湡姝g殑鍦ㄤ紒涓氳繍琛岃繃紼嬩腑璧蜂綔鐢ㄧ殑浠峰€肩悊蹇點(diǎn)€?/p>

鍥犳錛屾垜浠湪璋堝埌浼佷笟鏂囧寲鐨勬椂鍊欙紝灝卞簲璇ユ槑鐧斤紝瀹冨叾瀹炴槸宸茬粡瀵逛紒涓氬彂鐢熶綔鐢ㄤ簡(jiǎn)銆備紒涓氭枃鍖栨病鏈変粯璇稿疄璺靛氨澶卞幓浜?jiǎn)瀹冨簲鏈夌殑浣滅敤锛尀鏄竴綰哥┖鏂囥€?/p>

4銆佷紒涓氭枃鍖栦粠灞炴€т笂鐪嬫槸灞炰簬浼佷笟鎬ц川鐨勪環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇點(diǎn)€?/p>

鏂囧寲鍙互璇存槸涓庣墿璐ㄧ浉瀵瑰簲鐨勮寖鐣達(dá)紝鍥犺€屾枃鍖栫殑鍐呭鏄瀬鍏朵赴瀵岀殑銆備篃灝辨槸璇達(dá)紝瀵逛簬浠峰€肩悊蹇墊潵璇達(dá)紝濡傛灉浠庡叾鎷ユ湁鐨勪富浣撲笂鍒掑垎綾誨埆鐨勮瘽錛屽彲浠ュ垎涓鴻嚜鐒朵漢鐨勪環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇碉紝姘戞棌鐨勪環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇碉紝鍥藉鐨勪環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇碉紝娉曚漢鐨勪環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇靛拰浼佷笟鐨勪環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇碉紝鑰屼紒涓氭枃鍖栧垯鏄睘浜庝紒涓氱殑浠峰€肩悊蹇碉紝鏄紒涓氱殑鐏甸瓊銆?/p>

5銆佷紒涓氭枃鍖栦粠浣滅敤涓婄湅鏄睘浜庤鑼冧紒涓氳涓虹殑浠峰€肩悊蹇點(diǎn)€?/p>

浼佷笟鏂囧寲浣滀負(fù)浼佷笟鐨勪環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇碉紝鏄浼佷笟鐪熸鍙戞尌浣滅敤鐨勪環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇碉紱浼佷笟鏂囧寲瀵逛紒涓氱殑琛屼負(fù)浠ュ強(qiáng)鍛樺伐琛屼負(fù)璧峰埌闈炲父濂界殑瑙勮寖浣滅敤銆備緥濡傦細(xì)浼佷笟鏂囧寲涓叧浜庤矗銆佹潈銆佸埄瀵圭О鎬х鐞嗙悊蹇碉紝瑙勮寖鐫€鍛樺伐鐨勮矗鏉冨埄鍏崇郴錛涗紒涓氫腑鐨勫叡浜€佸叡鎷呫€佺悊蹇點(diǎn)€佽鑼冪潃浼佷笟涓庡憳宸ュ湪椋庨櫓鎵挎媴鍙?qiáng)鍒╃泭漤n鍙椾笂鐨勭浉浜掑叧緋匯€?/p>

鎬諱箣錛屼紒涓氭枃鍖栫殑鏍稿績(jī)鏄紒涓氱殑浠峰€肩悊蹇點(diǎn)€傚叾鏍稿績(jī)瑕佺礌鏄紒涓氬叡鍚岀殑浠峰€艱蹇點(diǎn)€?/p>

錛堜笁錛変紒涓氭枃鍖栫殑鏋勬垚

緇煎悎鍥藉唴澶栧悇縐嶅畾涔夊拰緇忛獙錛屼紒涓氭枃鍖栦富瑕佸垎涓哄洓涓眰嬈★紝鍖呮嫭錛氱悊蹇靛眰銆佸埗搴﹀眰銆佽涓哄眰鍜岀墿璐ㄥ眰錛屾牴鎹垎灞傦紝寤虹珛鐨勫洓灞傚悓蹇?jī)鍦嗘ā鍨嬪涓嬪Q?/p>

鐞嗗康灞傗€斺€斾篃鍙亾寰峰眰錛屾槸浼佷笟鏂囧寲鐨勬牳蹇?jī)灞傞潰锛屽畠鏄幖嫯浜?jiǎn)浼佷笟鐨勬寚瀵肩悊蹇點(diǎn)€佺洰鐨勩€佹効鏅拰浣垮懡錛屽寘鎷紒涓氱簿紲炪€佷紒涓氱粡钀ュ摬瀛︺€佷紒涓氶亾寰楓€佷紒涓氫環(huán)鍊艱蹇點(diǎn)€佷紒涓氬彛鍙楓€佷紒涓氶璨岀瓑錛屾槸鍏徃紺句細(xì)浠峰€肩殑涓昏浣撶幇銆傞珮灝氱殑紺句細(xì)浠峰€艱兘澶熻幏寰楀叕鍙稿嚑涔庢墍鏈夊埄鐩婄浉鍏寵€呯殑璁ゅ悓錛屽茍瀵硅偂涓溿€佸叕鍙擱珮綆°€佸叕鍙稿憳宸ュ叿鏈夋寔涔呯殑嬋€鍔變綔鐢ㄣ€傚銆婁紒涓氭枃鍖栥€嬬殑浣滆€呰開(kāi)灝?dāng)鍜岃偗灏紭q彂鐜幫紝鍦ㄤ粬浠墍璋冩煡榪囧叿鏈夋槑紜俊蹇電殑鍏徃涓紝2/3鐨勫叕鍙鎬笉浠ュ埄娑︾洰鏍囪€屼互涓€浜涘磭楂樼殑淇″康浣滀負(fù)鏈€楂樼洰鏍囥€?/p>

鍒跺害灞傗€斺€斿畠鏄庣‘浜?jiǎn)濡備綍鍘诲疄鐜颁紒涓氱殑鐩爣锛屼富瑕佸寘鎷紒涓氶瀵间綋鍒躲€佷紒涓氱粍緇囨満鏋勫拰浼佷笟綆$悊鍒跺害涓夋柟闈€傚叿浣撴潵璇村寘鎷紒涓氱殑緇忚惀瑙勬ā銆佽繍浣滄柟寮忋€佹不鐞嗗艦寮忋€佷漢闄呭叧緋匯€佺鐞嗗埗搴︺€佹縺鍔辨満鍒躲€佸埄鐩婂垎閰嶇瓑澶氭柟闈㈠唴瀹廣€?/p>

琛屼負(fù)灞傗€斺€斿畠鏄庣‘浜?jiǎn)浼佷笟鎴愬憳瀹炵幇鐩爣鐨勮鍔ㄨ鑼冨拰瑕佹眰锛屽寘鎷紒涓氬琛屼负銆佷紒涓氭ā鑼冧漢鐗╃殑琛屼負(fù)銆佷紒涓氬憳宸ョ兢浣撹涓恒€?/p>

鐗╄川灞傗€斺€斿畠鏄庣‘浜?jiǎn)浼佷笟鐩爣鐨勫鍦ㄨ〃鐜板Q屽寘鎷紒涓氭墍鎻愪緵鐨勪駭鍝併€佷紒涓氱幆澧冨拰浼佷笟瀹硅矊銆佷紒涓氱敓浜х幆澧冦€佹妧鏈澶囩殑鐜頒唬鍖栦笌鏂囨槑紼嬪害銆?/p>

浠€涔堜簨浼佷笟鏂囧寲

浼佷笟鏂囧寲鏄紒涓氬湪闀挎湡緇忚惀鍙戝睍榪囩▼涓€愭褰㈡垚鐨勩€佸叿鏈夋湰浼佷笟鐗硅壊銆佽兘澶熼暱鏈熸帹鍔ㄤ紒涓氬彂灞曞.澶х殑緹や綋鎰忚瘑鍜岃涓鴻鑼冿紝浠ュ強(qiáng)涓庝箣鐩擱€傚簲鐨勮绔犲埗搴﹀拰緇勭粐鏈烘瀯鐨勬€誨拰銆?/p>

瀹冨寘鎷枃鍖栬蹇點(diǎn)€佷環(huán)鍊艱蹇點(diǎn)€佷紒涓氱簿紲炪€侀亾寰瘋鑼冦€佽涓哄噯鍒欍€佸巻鍙蹭紶緇熴€佷紒涓氬埗搴︺€佷紒涓氬唴澶栭儴鐜銆佷紒涓氱粡钀ヨ涓恒€佷紒涓氱ぞ浼?xì)璐d粎R€佷紒涓氱殑浜у搧鍜屽艦璞$瓑錛屽叾涓綋鐜頒紒涓氫環(huán)鍊艱鐨勪紒涓氱簿紲炲拰緇忚惀鐞嗗康鏄紒涓氭枃鍖栫殑鏍稿績(jī)鍐呭銆備紒涓氭枃鍖栵紝浣滀負(fù)涓€縐嶆枃鍖栵紝涓嶄粎鏄蹇靛艦鎬佺殑涓滆タ錛岃€屼笖鏄墿璐ㄥ艦鎬佺殑錛屾槸綺劇鍜岀墿璐ㄧ殑緇撳悎銆?/p>

錛堜竴錛変紒涓氭枃鍖栫殑鐢辨潵

20涓栫邯70騫翠唬涓悗鏈燂紝涓栫晫緇忔祹鍙蹭笂鏈€涓洪渿鎾間漢蹇?jī)鐨勪簨錃g鑾繃浜庢棩鏈粡嫻庣殑榪呴€熷礇璧楓€備竴涓祫婧愬尞涔忋€佺枂鍩熺嫮紿勭殑涓滄柟宀涘浗錛屽湪鐭煭浜屼笁鍗佸勾鍐咃紝浠ラ毦浠ョ疆淇$殑閫熷害榪呯寷鍙戝睍錛屼竴璺冩挙濂沖伐濮斾笘鐣岀涓夊ぇ宸ヤ笟鍥斤紙鍚庢潵鎴愪負(fù)絎簩澶у伐涓氬浗錛夛紝榪欎竴浜嬪疄浣挎暣涓笘鐣屽ぇ涓洪渿鎯娿€備簬鏄湪涓婁笘綰?0騫翠唬鏈€?0騫翠唬鍒濓紝鍦ㄧ鐞嗗鐣屾巰璧蜂簡(jiǎn)涓€鍦烘棩緹庣鐞嗘瘮杈冪殑鐮旂┒鐑疆銆傚鑰呰涓猴紝緹庡浗鐨勭鐞嗘敞閲嶁€滅‖鈥濈殑鏂歸潰錛屽己璋冪悊鎬х鐞嗭紱鑰屾棩鏈鐞嗕笉浣嗛噸瑙嗏€滅‖鈥濈殑鏂歸潰錛屾洿娉ㄩ噸鈥滆蔣鈥濈殑鏂歸潰錛氭敞閲嶄紒涓氫腑鐨勬枃鍖栧洜绱犮€傛敞閲嶄紒涓氬叏浣撹亴宸ユ墍鍏卞悓鍏鋒湁鐨勪環(huán)鍊艱蹇碉紱娉ㄩ噸寮哄寲鑱屽伐瀵規(guī)湰浼佷笟鐨勫悜蹇?jī)鍔涘拰蹇犺瘹搴﹀Q涙敞閲嶄紒涓氫腑鐨勪漢闄呭叧緋匯€傚鑰呬滑灝嗚繖浜涒€滆蔣鈥濈殑鐗圭偣璁や負(fù)鏄竴縐嶄紒涓氱殑鏂囧寲銆?982騫達(dá)紝浠ユ嘲浼︽柉.鐙勫皵鍜岀埍浼?鑲凹榪挵鍐欑殑銆婁紒涓氭枃鍖栥€嬩竴涔︿負(fù)浠h〃鐨勪竴緋誨垪钁椾綔闈笘錛屾爣蹇楃潃浼佷笟鏂囧寲鐮旂┒鐨勫叴璧楓€?/p>

涓婁釜涓栫邯80騫翠唬錛屾敼闈╁紑鍙戞墦鐮翠簡(jiǎn)澶ч攨楗殑浼佷笟鍒跺害錛屾垜鍥戒紒涓氭墠鐪熸寮€浜?jiǎn)浠庡瀯鏂蛋鍚戠珵浜夌殑杩浗E嬶紝鈥滀紒涓氭枃鍖栤€濇墠寮€濮嬭鎴戝浗鐨勭悊璁虹晫涓庝紒涓氱晫鎵€鍏蟲敞銆?984騫存搗灝?dāng)鍏徃鐨勫紶鐟炴晱鍦ㄤ紒涓氫簭鎹?47涓囧厓鐨勬儏鍐典笅錛岄鍏堟彁鍑烘枃鍖栧厛琛屻€佷紒涓氱悊蹇靛厛琛岋紝涓轟腑鍥戒紒涓氱晫榪涜浼佷笟鏂囧寲寤鴻娉ㄥ叆浜?jiǎn)寮哄績(jī)閽堛€?/p>

錛堜簩錛変紒涓氭枃鍖栫殑鍐呮兜

涓嬮潰浠庝互涓嬪嚑涓搴﹂槓閲婁紒涓氭枃鍖栫殑鍐呮兜錛?/p>

1銆佷紒涓氭枃鍖栦粠褰㈠紡涓婄湅鏄睘浜庢€濇兂鑼冪暣鐨勬蹇點(diǎn)€?/p>

浼佷笟鏂囧寲灞炰簬浜虹殑鎬濇兂鑼冪暣錛屾槸浜虹殑浠峰€肩悊蹇點(diǎn)€傝繖縐嶄環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇靛拰紺句細(xì)閬撳痙灞炰簬鍚屼竴縐嶈寖鐣寸殑銆傛垜浠彁鍑烘不鐞嗙ぞ浼?xì)锛岄鍏堟彁鍑鸿渚濇硶娌诲浗锛屼恨Z滑瑕侀伒瀹堟硶寰嬶紝浣嗘槸瀹屽杽鐨勬硶寰嬩篃鏄湁澶辨晥鐨勬椂鍊欍€傛硶寰嬪け鏁堜簡(jiǎn)闈犱粈涔堢害鏉?闈犵ぞ浼?xì)閬撳绝P紝鎵€浠ユ棦瑕佷緷娉曟不鍥斤紝鍚屾椂涔熻浠ュ痙娌誨浗銆傜鐞嗕紒涓氫篃鏄竴鏍鳳紝棣栧厛渚濋潬浼佷笟鍒跺害錛屼絾鍒跺害鍐嶅畬鍠勪篃浼?xì)鏈夊け鏁堢殑鏃跺€欙紝浼佷笟鍒跺害澶辨晥浜?jiǎn)闈犱粈涔堢害鏉?闈犳枃鍖栫害鏉熴€傜敱姝ゅ彲瑙侊紝浼佷笟鏂囧寲鏄拰紺句細(xì)閬撳痙涓€鏍鳳紝閮芥槸涓€縐嶅唴鍦ㄤ環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇點(diǎn)€傞兘鏄竴縐嶅唴鍦ㄧ害鏉熴€傚嵆浜轟滑鍦ㄦ€濇兂鐞嗗康涓婄殑鑷垜綰︽潫錛屽洜鑰岄兘鏄澶栧湪綰︽潫鐨勪竴縐嶈ˉ鍏咃紝鍙笉榪囩ぞ浼?xì)閬撳句h槸瀵圭ぞ浼?xì)鏈変綔鐢ㄥQ岃€屼紒涓氭枃鍖栨槸瀵逛紒涓氭湁浣滅敤錛屽畠浠彂鐢熶綔鐢ㄧ殑棰嗗煙涓嶅悓鑰屽凡銆傛墍浠ヤ粠褰㈠紡涓婄湅錛屼紒涓氭枃鍖栨槸灞炰簬鎬濇兂鑼冪暣鐨勬蹇點(diǎn)€?/p>

姝e洜涓哄姝わ紝鎵€浠ヤ紒涓氭枃鍖栨槸鏋佷負(fù)閲嶈鐨勩€備緥濡傦細(xì)璐㈠姟鍒跺害澶辨晥浜?jiǎn)锛屼絾鏄竴涓漢濡傛灉鏈変笉鏄垜鐨勯挶灝變笉鎷跨殑浠峰€肩悊蹇碉紝閭d箞鍗充嬌浼佷笟鍒跺害瀵逛粬娌℃湁浜?jiǎn)绾︽潫锛屼粬涔熶笉浼?xì)鎷夸笉鏄粬鑷繁鐨勯挶銆傜浉鍙嶏紝濡傛灉涓€涓漢鏈夌潃涓嶆嬁鐧戒笉鎷跨殑浠峰€肩悊蹇碉紝閭d箞璐㈠姟鍒跺害涓€鏃﹀け鏁堬紝浠栧氨浼?xì)鍘荤姱閿欒銆?/p>

2銆佷紒涓氭枃鍖栦粠鍐呭涓婄湅鏄弽鏄犱紒涓氳涓虹殑浠峰€肩悊蹇點(diǎn)€?/p>

浼佷笟鏂囧寲鍦ㄥ唴瀹逛笂錛氭槸瀵逛紒涓氱殑鐜板疄榪愯榪囩▼鐨勫弽鏄犮€傚叿浣撹錛屽氨鏄紒涓氱殑鍒跺害瀹夋帓錛屼互鍙?qiáng)浼佷笟鐨勬垬鐣ラ€夋嫨鍦ㄤ漢鐨勪環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇典笂鐨勫弽鏄犮€傛垨鑰呰錛屼紒涓氱殑鎵€鏈夌殑鐩稿叧媧誨姩錛岄兘浼?xì)鍙嶆槧鍒颁汉鐨勪环鍊肩悊蹇典笂錛屼粠鑰屽艦鎴愪簡(jiǎn)浼佷笟鏂囧寲銆?/p>

鐢辨鍙錛屼粠鍐呭涓婅錛屼紒涓氭枃鍖栨槸涓庝紒涓氱殑媧誨姩鏈夊叧鐨勪環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇碉紝鑰屼笉鏄埆鐨勬柟闈㈢殑浠峰€肩悊蹇碉紝瀹冩槸鍙嶆槧浜?jiǎn)浼佷笟鐜板疄杩愯杩嚱E嬬殑鍏ㄩ儴媧誨姩鐨勪環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇碉紝鏄紒涓氬埗搴﹀畨鎺掑拰鎴樼暐閫夋嫨鍦ㄤ漢鐨勪環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇典笂鐨勫弽鏄犮€備緥濡傦細(xì)涓€涓紒涓氬鏋滃湪鍒跺害瀹夋帓涓婅鎷夊紑浜虹殑鏀跺叆宸窛錛岄偅涔堣繖涓紒涓氬湪浼佷笟鏂囧寲涓婂氨搴旇鏈夌瓑綰у樊鍒殑鐞嗗康錛涘張渚嬪錛屼竴涓紒涓氳鍦ㄧ粡钀ユ垬鐣ヤ笂鎵╁ぇ鑷繁鐨勭粡钀ワ紝閭d箞榪欎釜浼佷笟灝辮鍦ㄤ紒涓氭枃鍖栦笂鏈夎瘹淇$殑鐞嗗康錛岀瓑絳夈€?/p>

鎬諱箣錛屼紒涓氭枃鍖栧湪鍐呭涓婄湅鏄弽鏄犱紒涓氳涓虹殑浠峰€肩悊蹇點(diǎn)€?/p>

3銆佷紒涓氭枃鍖栦粠鎬ц川涓婄湅鏄睘浜庨檮璇鎬簬瀹炶返鐨勪環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇點(diǎn)€?/p>

浠峰€肩悊蹇靛疄闄呬笂鍙互鍒嗕負(fù)涓ゅぇ綾伙紝涓€綾誨氨鏄俊濂夊拰鍊″鐨勪環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇碉紝涓€綾誨氨鏄繀欏諱粯璇稿疄璺電殑浠峰€肩悊蹇碉紝浼佷笟鏂囧寲鏃㈠睘浜庝紒涓氫俊濂夊拰鍊″鐨勪環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇碉紝鍙堝睘浜庡繀欏諱粯璇稿疄璺電殑浠峰€肩悊蹇點(diǎn)€備紒涓氭枃鍖栫湡姝g殑綰︽潫鍛樺伐鐨勮涓猴紝鏄湡姝g殑鍦ㄤ紒涓氳繍琛岃繃紼嬩腑璧蜂綔鐢ㄧ殑浠峰€肩悊蹇點(diǎn)€?/p>

鍥犳錛屾垜浠湪璋堝埌浼佷笟鏂囧寲鐨勬椂鍊欙紝灝卞簲璇ユ槑鐧斤紝瀹冨叾瀹炴槸宸茬粡瀵逛紒涓氬彂鐢熶綔鐢ㄤ簡(jiǎn)銆備紒涓氭枃鍖栨病鏈変粯璇稿疄璺靛氨澶卞幓浜?jiǎn)瀹冨簲鏈夌殑浣滅敤锛尀鏄竴綰哥┖鏂囥€?/p>

4銆佷紒涓氭枃鍖栦粠灞炴€т笂鐪嬫槸灞炰簬浼佷笟鎬ц川鐨勪環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇點(diǎn)€?/p>

鏂囧寲鍙互璇存槸涓庣墿璐ㄧ浉瀵瑰簲鐨勮寖鐣達(dá)紝鍥犺€屾枃鍖栫殑鍐呭鏄瀬鍏朵赴瀵岀殑銆備篃灝辨槸璇達(dá)紝瀵逛簬浠峰€肩悊蹇墊潵璇達(dá)紝濡傛灉浠庡叾鎷ユ湁鐨勪富浣撲笂鍒掑垎綾誨埆鐨勮瘽錛屽彲浠ュ垎涓鴻嚜鐒朵漢鐨勪環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇碉紝姘戞棌鐨勪環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇碉紝鍥藉鐨勪環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇碉紝娉曚漢鐨勪環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇靛拰浼佷笟鐨勪環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇碉紝鑰屼紒涓氭枃鍖栧垯鏄睘浜庝紒涓氱殑浠峰€肩悊蹇碉紝鏄紒涓氱殑鐏甸瓊銆?/p>

5銆佷紒涓氭枃鍖栦粠浣滅敤涓婄湅鏄睘浜庤鑼冧紒涓氳涓虹殑浠峰€肩悊蹇點(diǎn)€?/p>

浼佷笟鏂囧寲浣滀負(fù)浼佷笟鐨勪環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇碉紝鏄浼佷笟鐪熸鍙戞尌浣滅敤鐨勪環(huán)鍊肩悊蹇碉紱浼佷笟鏂囧寲瀵逛紒涓氱殑琛屼負(fù)浠ュ強(qiáng)鍛樺伐琛屼負(fù)璧峰埌闈炲父濂界殑瑙勮寖浣滅敤銆備緥濡傦細(xì)浼佷笟鏂囧寲涓叧浜庤矗銆佹潈銆佸埄瀵圭О鎬х鐞嗙悊蹇碉紝瑙勮寖鐫€鍛樺伐鐨勮矗鏉冨埄鍏崇郴錛涗紒涓氫腑鐨勫叡浜€佸叡鎷呫€佺悊蹇點(diǎn)€佽鑼冪潃浼佷笟涓庡憳宸ュ湪椋庨櫓鎵挎媴鍙?qiáng)鍒╃泭漤n鍙椾笂鐨勭浉浜掑叧緋匯€?/p>

鎬諱箣錛屼紒涓氭枃鍖栫殑鏍稿績(jī)鏄紒涓氱殑浠峰€肩悊蹇點(diǎn)€傚叾鏍稿績(jī)瑕佺礌鏄紒涓氬叡鍚岀殑浠峰€艱蹇點(diǎn)€?/p>

錛堜笁錛変紒涓氭枃鍖栫殑鏋勬垚

緇煎悎鍥藉唴澶栧悇縐嶅畾涔夊拰緇忛獙錛屼紒涓氭枃鍖栦富瑕佸垎涓哄洓涓眰嬈★紝鍖呮嫭錛氱悊蹇靛眰銆佸埗搴﹀眰銆佽涓哄眰鍜岀墿璐ㄥ眰錛屾牴鎹垎灞傦紝寤虹珛鐨勫洓灞傚悓蹇?jī)鍦嗘ā鍨嬪涓嬪Q?/p>

鐞嗗康灞傗€斺€斾篃鍙亾寰峰眰錛屾槸浼佷笟鏂囧寲鐨勬牳蹇?jī)灞傞潰锛屽畠鏄幖嫯浜?jiǎn)浼佷笟鐨勬寚瀵肩悊蹇點(diǎn)€佺洰鐨勩€佹効鏅拰浣垮懡錛屽寘鎷紒涓氱簿紲炪€佷紒涓氱粡钀ュ摬瀛︺€佷紒涓氶亾寰楓€佷紒涓氫環(huán)鍊艱蹇點(diǎn)€佷紒涓氬彛鍙楓€佷紒涓氶璨岀瓑錛屾槸鍏徃紺句細(xì)浠峰€肩殑涓昏浣撶幇銆傞珮灝氱殑紺句細(xì)浠峰€艱兘澶熻幏寰楀叕鍙稿嚑涔庢墍鏈夊埄鐩婄浉鍏寵€呯殑璁ゅ悓錛屽茍瀵硅偂涓溿€佸叕鍙擱珮綆°€佸叕鍙稿憳宸ュ叿鏈夋寔涔呯殑嬋€鍔變綔鐢ㄣ€傚銆婁紒涓氭枃鍖栥€嬬殑浣滆€呰開(kāi)灝?dāng)鍜岃偗灏紭q彂鐜幫紝鍦ㄤ粬浠墍璋冩煡榪囧叿鏈夋槑紜俊蹇電殑鍏徃涓紝2/3鐨勫叕鍙鎬笉浠ュ埄娑︾洰鏍囪€屼互涓€浜涘磭楂樼殑淇″康浣滀負(fù)鏈€楂樼洰鏍囥€?/p>

鍒跺害灞傗€斺€斿畠鏄庣‘浜?jiǎn)濡備綍鍘诲疄鐜颁紒涓氱殑鐩爣锛屼富瑕佸寘鎷紒涓氶瀵间綋鍒躲€佷紒涓氱粍緇囨満鏋勫拰浼佷笟綆$悊鍒跺害涓夋柟闈€傚叿浣撴潵璇村寘鎷紒涓氱殑緇忚惀瑙勬ā銆佽繍浣滄柟寮忋€佹不鐞嗗艦寮忋€佷漢闄呭叧緋匯€佺鐞嗗埗搴︺€佹縺鍔辨満鍒躲€佸埄鐩婂垎閰嶇瓑澶氭柟闈㈠唴瀹廣€?/p>

琛屼負(fù)灞傗€斺€斿畠鏄庣‘浜?jiǎn)浼佷笟鎴愬憳瀹炵幇鐩爣鐨勮鍔ㄨ鑼冨拰瑕佹眰锛屽寘鎷紒涓氬琛屼负銆佷紒涓氭ā鑼冧漢鐗╃殑琛屼負(fù)銆佷紒涓氬憳宸ョ兢浣撹涓恒€?/p>

鐗╄川灞傗€斺€斿畠鏄庣‘浜?jiǎn)浼佷笟鐩爣鐨勫鍦ㄨ〃鐜板Q屽寘鎷紒涓氭墍鎻愪緵鐨勪駭鍝併€佷紒涓氱幆澧冨拰浼佷笟瀹硅矊銆佷紒涓氱敓浜х幆澧冦€佹妧鏈澶囩殑鐜頒唬鍖栦笌鏂囨槑紼嬪害銆?/p>

相關(guān)閱讀